“Introduction to ‘Confucian Scholars’,” Mingshi 24/282/7221-2, translated by Hellmut Wilhelm, in “On Ming Orthodoxy,” Monumenta Serica 29 (1970): 1-26, on pages 3-5. It is posted here by kind permission of the Monumenta Serica Institute, granted January 27, 2015. It is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It can be downloaded here.