Participants

Children were selected for participation in this cohort study with the objective of enrolling an approximately balanced distribution of those who lived with a flower plantation worker, and those who did not live with agricultural workers and had no known direct pesticide exposures.

10 additional follow-up examinations have been conducted between 2022-2024 (FUY-14a to FUY16d)

Participant CharacteristicsFollow-up year
(FUY)
Baseline
(2008, Jul-Aug)
FUY-8a
(2016, April)
FUY-8b
(2016, Jul-Oct)
FUY 14a
(2022, Jul-Sep)
FUY14b, 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d
N313330535505
Age, Years6.6 (1.6)14.3 (1.9)14.5 (1.8)
Male51%51%50%
Female49%49%50%
Indigenous21%24%22%
Mixed77%76%78%
Other Race2%1%0%
BMI-for-age Z-Score, SD16.1 (1.4)20.8 (3.0)20.9 (3.0)
Height-for-age Z-Score, SD112.1 (10.3)148.9 (9.7)150.6 (9.4)
Lives with agriculture worker57%68%67%
Doesn’t live with agricultural worker43%32%33%
Distance from house to nearest flower plantation, m346 (178-600)311 (112-655)311 (111-659)
Values are either Percent, Mean (SD), or Median (25th-75th percentile);
Exam 1 = Summer, 2008, Exam 2 = April, 2016, Exam 3 = Summer, 2016.